“Life Insurance Buying Behavior”

Most of us really see to it that we will have better lives in the future. It is been our desires that we can live a life full of comforts and our needs are supplied and met. We sometimes look ahead of time or we go beyond in our horizons so that we can prepare what lies ahead of us especially when we will grow old. Because of this, we tend to get life insurance to secure our unknown future. This kind of trend is very popular in Toronto, Canada as well as around the globe.But before we go further to our thorough discussions, we must know first what is life insurance and what are the possible benefits that we could get from it. When we say life insurances, it occasionally pertains to as life insurance which arranges for a sum or disbursement of money upon the death of the insured. Moreover, life insurance can also used as a way or method of saving or investment. Through this, we can receive many benefits. The insurance on human lives include benefaction benefit, supplementary benefits in event of death or disarticulate by accidental means or accidents, supplementary benefits for annuities and disability. There are several kinds of life and relative insurance products. The people or the public alters and the necessity for life insurance alters in analogy.The purposes of this study are to understand the buying behavior of life insurance at Toronto, Canada and the reasons why they buy life insurance.*Buying behavior of life insurance in Toronto and its reasons why buys it*In a study conducted in March 14, 2006 and entitled â€Å"Life Insurance: Like ‘Deal or No Deal’ without the Drama† advocated that â€Å"what does the game show â€Å"Deal or No Deal† have in similar with life insurance. Kerzner concluded that both are the same because like in a game, contestants are sweating out with regards to their decision in  order to be in the right track so that they can get the jackpot. Same as buying life insurance because buyers go through su ch experience due to its big amount of money involve. In a LIMRA research, it presents that several people delay or postpone in spite they learn that they need more life insurance. In a survey made by LIMRA of both non-buyers and buyers of life insurance, only 4 out of 10 non-buyers commented that they were scared of making wrong choice or conclusion and half of it explained that they couldn’t choose how much to buy and 70 percent answered that they could not afford it. Kerzner added that:â€Å"Behavioral economics tells us that when people say they can't afford life insurance, even when they admit they don't have enough, there's more to it than a straight budget calculation,† Kerzner said. â€Å"The negative feelings of ‘losing' the premium for more insurance are often a lot stronger than the positive feelings of buying the needed protection.†1An article entitled â€Å"Increased protection for life and health consumers: CompCorp† stated that CompCo rp guards Canadian policyholders in opposition to loss of benefits in the occurrence that life and health insurance company be unsuccessful. It was announced that its members favored and commended three improvements and augmentations to its consumer defense:2Accumulated Values are fully protected up to $100,000;31 â€Å"Life Insurance: Like ‘Deal or No Deal’ Without the Drama. March 14, 2006. http://www.insurance-canada.ca/consinfolife/LIMRA-Survey-Life-Insurace-603.php  3-2 Ibid†¦For Cash Values, CompCorp ensures that policyholders receive at least 85% of their promised benefits and, below $60,000, CompCorp ensures 100% protection;4Guaranteed amounts of Segregated Funds are protected under Cash Value coverage and, as such, policyholders receive at least 85% of their promised benefits and, below $60,000, CompCorp ensures 100% protectionCompCorp protection puts in to every Canadian policyholder altogether with a current and prevailing product to any recent polici es purchased from a member company.5   Another article stated that â€Å"in December 2003, Canadian life insurance application activity has enlarged and improved 3.5 percent as years by. Canadian life insurance application activity gauged and calculated as a percent of the sum in North American Life Index has enlarged over the years successively.MIB Life Index- Percent Change5 â€Å"Increased protection for life and health consumers: CompCorp†. July 7. http://www.insurance-canada.ca/consinfolife/CompCorp-enhancements-507.phpAn article stated that there was a mass marketing. Corporations or companies advertised recent products and services to all their valued customers even though those products or services were suitable for the individuals on the mailing list of the company. When a certain bank presented a mass marketing movement, there is 1 percent up to 3 percent reply rate was well-thought-out successful. If the regular direct-mail movement costs a company about $98,000 to spread 100,000 customers, in accordance to its estimation from the New York City Direct Marketing Association that organization is getting a large amount of loss.66 â€Å"Slices of Lives†.  http://www.cio.com/magazineReferencesâ€Å"Life Insurance: Like ‘Deal or No Deal’ Without the Drama. March 14, 2006. http://www.insurance-canada.ca/consinfolife/LIMRA-Survey-Life-Insurace-603.php â€Å"Increased protection for life and health consumers: CompCorp†. July 7. http://www.insurance-canada.ca/consinfolife/CompCorp-enhancements-507.php â€Å"2003 Annual Report†. http://www.mib.com/webcontent/2003%20MIB%20Life%20Index%20Annual%20Report.pdf â€Å"Slices of Lives†. http://www.cio.com/magazine

Is What You See Real or Memorex?

We have different philosophers and different ideas from each of the philosophers, similar in some ways, vastly different in others and yet their ideas make a person think, as they are supposed to but what if neither Rene Descartes, George Berkeley or Thomas Reid are correct in their entirety? What if both ways of thinking are actually linked together enough to make them both correct and both incorrect?Let us start with the definition of epistemology where the origins of nature and limits of human knowledge are examined. Human knowledge in the aspect of the real world is limited.There is no one on Earth who knows everything whether it be real or imagined. (Rene Descartes belief of independent external world) This would become limited in any thought provoking conversation. If you were to ask people at random, if there is anything they know with certainty, they would say yes. They know for certain they are sitting or talking or looking at you or the tree. If you asked them if they were sure that they didn’t just perceive these instances they would chance to look at you like you were crazy but in the end there is also a perception.Take the example of the mind independent external world and ask yourself that if you died, would things in the world remain physically the same? The bed you slept in might until it was destroyed, the house in which you lived may remain a house but what about you as a person, you would not remain physically the same so in that view a mind independent world cannot be 100% accurate. One day you can see yourself in a mirror because you are alive, the next day you cannot because you are dead.On the other hand, you see things and believe them to be out in the world but what you see is only a perception which lends credence to Thomas Reid’s theory. Thomas Reid believes that we do not need certainty to acquire knowledge and I agree and as you will see by the following poem, the timing of perception may almost destroy Descartes and B erkley’s theories. See how that worked, I believe the following poem will destroy a theory and this is perception. NOW What has been and what will be, cannot be changed, cannot be seen.For yesterday is gone and done and tomorrow lies beyond the sun, yet there is reality, that fine line between futures and past that we define as now. The eyes have never seen, nor the ears ever heard, the falling of a star or the calling of a bird. They merely transmit shadows, vibrations they receive, along the neural networks, for the brain to be deceived into thinking that what we see and are believing and what we hear; but do we perceive reality or only what we think is there?Now a millisecond past, from eye or ear to mind and another billisecond just for the brain to define, so what we perceive as happening is at least a millisecond past. We cannot exist within the now, our reactions aren't that fast. So is what we see a piece of history by the time we can perceive or do our senses touch t he future, which do you believe? Either way it's plain to me that there is no now to be found. We live two separate times so why are we so bound? Now that I've given you a thought to twist your mind, I must say excuse the pun, I'm simply out of time.(Original copyright 1999 Cara Tapken-(Teirsha=pen) ) In reading this poem, where is the certainty now as suddenly a lot of questions have been posed and suddenly a whole new thought process will evolve into the metaphysical sense of perception. Take another example of looking at a field or horizon of trees, or any group of trees for that manner, how do they look? Ok so they look like trees but in seeing the trees do you see them as you might if there is no 3 dimensional quality or do you see them with a much defined 3-D quality?Each one will see this differently at different times which lends further conveyance of truth to the supernatural beliefs and so with this in mind where does Descartes and Berkley fit into this picture? Let us use God as an example. God is definitely a perception. Many of us believe in him, many of us think he is almighty and the basis of religion but outside of pictures for one, do we really know what he looks like? This is a form of perception as we do not know with certainty what he looks like but we only know from pictures and words of description. What of prayer?How do we really know that prayer works even though we believe? Do we see our prayers physically being listened to by God? Do we see God there with an outstretched hand in receiving? Also, Descartes believed in God and God was the centrifuge of his Roman Catholic faith and theory so in believing in God, when God is a perception and written words then how can Descartes claim the theories he does because suddenly there is no certainty. The Roman catholic faith believes in archangels, evil and good yet without seeing these in a physical sense whatsoever how can one obtain certainty in knowledge or vice versa?With regard to percepti on and certainty, how can these philosophers be wrong and right at the same time by validating one another’s theories and if there is a validation of theories then do they suddenly have related theories to for a whole new theory? Descrates believes in no knowledge without certainty and Reid believes in perception. Take into account of the poem which is a perception based poem with much pointing towards the reality of how our human brain, through proven science, works. Suddenly there is the certainty in knowledge and how perception works and is very real. Both philosophers are now correct and both are now wrong.Did we just blow two theories away, add to them or validate all or part of the theories these two obviously share? Mind independent external world does exist to a degree but as well, only by the degree of perception until the â€Å"brain can define† (CL Tapken). Now Clifford is famous for his evidentialist thesis that â€Å"It is wrong always, everywhere, and fo r anyone, to believe anything on insufficient evidence. (W. K. Clifford). I simply would like to know where Clifford’s justification is for telling people that they way they think or how they think, simply because there is a lack of evidence, is wrong.I see him as suddenly wrong for being discriminatory in a sense as theory is based upon having no actual evidence for justification as science always dictates. The theory of using cancer cells to treat cancer is nothing but a theory, there is no evidence as it has not yet been tested to be proven but in thinking this way, according to Clifford, is wrong which is highly inconsistent with the continual forward progress of science. Now Berkley’s theory is much more rational in my opinion as he believes in both sides of what you can and cannot see.He believes in the mind and the thought processes that integrate a thought to reality and that one doesn’t need complete certainty for some knowledge and he calls this the la w of nature. He has a belief process in the realm of science but he couples that with a religion to form his belief that all things happen because of God and spirits. Now for those who are quite religious, this would be believed but then there are those who are atheists and or believe in the Darwinism theory of evolution thus suddenly, in either case there is no God.But is Berkeley right, to at least some belief that God is the reason behind everything that happens? Perception and gravity denounces, in part, if not all of Berkley’s theory that God is behind everything. The Bible and those who believe in the religion of God agree that God made the heavens and the earth. We will assume that this is not perception but true. But what of gravity? No where in history is it said that God created gravity. Gravity makes the world spin thus creating the â€Å"accidental† gravity. God did not create gravity by design so now it should be safely said that gravity began as a percept ion that turned scientific.Granted, our thought process began this way of thinking and proving this theory and that in itself would be a god driven theory in using Berkley’s theory. Look at the scale that sits in the doctor’s office. The knowledge to make the scale would be in conjunction with Berkley’s theory but for the scale to remain stationary due to gravity is outside his realm of thought as once again, God did not create gravity, therefore God cannot be behind everything that happens which, in the end once again, lends credence to pure perception.It is a fine line between these philosophers on what they agree and don’t agree with but in the end there are similarities in which makes them all correct in the way of validation so with this in mind, are they all thinking the same thing yet with different answers and does this make them all correct or incorrect because of their different answers? Which do you believe and why? Maybe I am the one who is to tally wrong and incoherent in my own opinions and beliefs.Maybe I have no concrete evidence or cannot fully understand the power of perception, metaphysical, supernatural or inanimate objects, maybe I believe in it all. Does what I believe in make me right, wrong, indifferent or simply this is my belief? Who is to say that I am right or that I disagree and maybe my way of being right or disagreeing is not accepted. We each have our own philosophies of life and the reasons why and this is what makes great debates and the world go around.So in the end I must say that I do not fully agree with any philosopher to date. I may agree with a portion of their principles and systems of belief but at the same time of incorporating my own reasons of this belief or lack of belief I, in my own self have just become a philosopher like everyone else, it is just the people who will determine the validity of my own views and will form their own philosophies.Philosophy is just that, no one is right an d no one is wrong it is simply a belief system of how we work minus any factual sciences or the addition of sciences and religion. As a last thought and question which incorporates all but none of these mentioned philosophers; is there really such a thing as an evil person or are they a person who simply does bad things?In short, I believe to some extent of what these philosophers believe but then again I do not for then I would have to agree with everything they say to fully believe in their philosophy, so am I say they are correct or incorrect? References Evidence for God. Famous Scientists Who Believed in God. (September 2008) http://www. godandscience. org/apologetics/sciencefaith. html Tapken, Cara. The Starlite Cafe 1999 (http://www. thestarlitecafe. com/poems/105/poem_91080479. html Theories of perception. September 2008. http://www. unc. edu/~megw/TheoriesofPerception. html

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Foreign exchange Essay As mentioned above, there was a significantly high supply of money in the United States, which characteristically led to depreciation of the United States dollar. In addition, the period was characterized by a high rate of inflation, implying that considerably larger sums of money would be used in buying commodities that would have been bought inexpensively in the earlier period (Atkinson and Hutto). On the international scale, the high cost of United States commodities meant that importers had to pay lots of money to acquire the goods, which ultimately lowered the level of international trade between the United States and other countries (Table 3). Consequently, the United States dollar fluctuated against other world currencies such as the Japanese yen, the Sterling Pound, Chinese yuan and the Australian dollar (Atkinson and Hutto). 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R.(yuan) EMU Members (euro) Japan (yen) Mexico (peso) South Korea (won) Sweden (krona) Switzerland (franc) United Kingdom (pound) 2000. .5815 1. 4855 8. 2784 . 9232 107. 80 9. 459 1,130. 90 9. 1735 1. 6904 1. 5156 2001 . 5169 1. 5487 8. 2770 . 8952 121. 57 9. 337 1,292. 02 10. 3425 1. 6891 1. 4396 2002 . 5437 1. 5704 8. 2771 . 9454 125. 22 9. 663 1,250. 31 9. 7233 1. 5567 1. 5025 2003 . 6524 1. 4008 8. 2772 1. 1321 115. 94 10. 793 1,192. 08 8. 0787 1. 3450 1. 6347 2004 . 7365 1. 3017 8. 2768 1. 2438 108. 15 11. 290 1,145. 24 7. 3480 1. 2428 1. 8330 2005 . 7627 1. 2115 8. 1936 1. 2449 110. 11 10. 894 1,023. 75 7. 4710 1. 2459 1. 8204 2006 . 7535 1. 1340 7. 9723 1. 2563 116. 31 10. 906 954. 32 7. 3718 1. 2532 1. 8434 2007 . 8391 1. 0734 7. 6058 1. 3711 117. 76 10. 928 928. 97 6. 7550 1. 1999 2. 0020 2007: I. .7865 1. 1718 7. 7582 1. 3109 119. 33 11. 024 938. 98 7. 0089 1. 2330 1. 9548 II. .8316 1. 0983 7. 6784 1. 3484 120. 80 10. 878 928. 69 6. 8641 1. 2221 1. 9862 III. .8471 1. 0456 7. 5578 1. 3748 117. 74 10. 965 927. 27 6. 7402 1. 1986 2. 0213 IV. .8898 . 9811 7. 4336 1. 4482 113. 23 10. 849 921. 26 6. 4148 1. 1468 2. 0442 2008: I. .9058 1. 0039 7. 1590 1. 5007 105. 17 10. 803 956. 12 6. 2668 1. 0670 1. 9790 II. .9435 1. 0099 6. 9578 1. 5625 104. 62 10. 428 1,017. 02 5. 9862 1. 0316 1. 9712 III . 8879 1. 0411 6. 8375 1. 5030 107. 58 10. 328 1,064. 56 6. 3175 1. 0734 1. 8924 Table 3: Foreign exchange rates between 2000 and 2008 Source: Modified from GPO Access The strong dollar against the yen between 2001 and 2002, which was the beginning of the Bush administration, discouraged importation by Japan from the United States (Atkinson and Hutto). 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Ultimately, banks were forced to impose high interest rates on the loans they offered to the public, implying that most small business holders and individuals were crippled by a massive credit crunch (Crutsinger and Aversa). The ensuing credit crunch adversely affected the United States economy particularly towards the ends of the end of the Bush administration (Crutsinger and Aversa). Banks were most affected by the financial woes and this necessitated the Bush administration to consider taking ownership of various banks in a bid to protect them from collapsing (Crutsinger and Aversa). This move was however also ill planned, as it would result in unnecessary government expenditure, resulting into higher inflation in the United States (Hanke). In addition, there was no assurance that with the government’s acquisition of the banks, their performance would improve (Hanke). Conclusion. Even though the world witnessed a massive economic recession, the woes in the United States stemmed from the fact that the Bush administration spent excessively on the war in Iraq and Afghanistan, which generally weakened the performance of most local institutions. The underperformance in various sectors was shown in high rates of unemployment, high inflation, fluctuating levels of money supply and foreign exchange rates as well as high bank interest rates. The combined effect of the various phenomena led to a crisis in the entire United States economy, thus making the Bush administration one of the worst leaderships of the United States. References Atkinson Robert D and Julie Hutto 18October 2004. Bush vs. Clinton: An Economic Performance Index. 10 March 2009. http://www. ppionline. org/ppi_ci. cfm? knlgAreaID=107subsecID=295contentID=252964 Crutsinger, Martin and Aversa, Jeannine 8 October 2008. Bush administration mulls bank stakes. 10 March 2009. http://www. freep. com/article/20081008/BUSINESS07/81008120/1015/BUSINESS02/Bush+administration+mulls+bank+stakes Curl, Joseph. 23 Oct. 2008 McCain lambastes Bush years. 10 March 2009. http://www. washingtontimes. com/news/2008/oct/23/mccain-lambastes-bush-years/ GPO Access . Civilian unemployment rate. 10 March 2009. http://www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B42. xls GPO Access . Money stock and debt measures, 1965–2008. 10 March 2009 http://www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B69. xls GPO Access. Bond yields and interest rates, 1929–2008. 10 March 2009. http://www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B73. xls GPO Access. Changes in consumer price indexes for commodities and services, 1929–2007. 10 March 2009. http://www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B64. xls GPO Access. Foreign exchange rates, 1985–2008. 10 March 2009. http://www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B110. xls. Hanke, Steve H. September 24, 2008 The Bush Legacy: Deflation or Inflation? 10 March 2009. http://www. cato. org/pub_display. php? pub_id=9663 Irwin, Neil and Eggen, Dan. 12 Jan. 2009. The Washington Post. Economy Made Few Gains in Bush Years: Eight-Year Period Is Weakest in Decades. http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/story/2009/01/12/ST2009011200359. html National Organization for Women. 27 August 2004. Bushs Economic Failure Weakens Middle Class, Deepens Poverty and Harms Women and Families. 10 March 2009. http://www. now. org/press/08-04/08-27. html OECD. Macroeconomic indicators. 10 March 2009. http://stats. oecd. org/mei/default. asp? lang=esubject=15country=USA Robinson, Woodward, Gellman. Timeline: Bushs Eight Years in Office. 10 March 2009. http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/politics/bush/legacy/timeline Shi, Leiyu and Stevens Gregory D. Vulnerable Populations in the United States. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2004 The High Cost of Health Care. 25 November 2007. The New York Times. 10 March 2009. http://www. nytimes. com/2007/11/25/opinion/25sun1. html? _r=1 United states Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. 10 March 2009 http://www. bls. gov/.

The Strategy Of Managing Human Resources

The Strategy Of Managing Human Resources Strategy of managing human resource refers to the how ADIDAS treat and manage the employees. With the strategies ADIDAS able to maintain the loyal of employees to the ADIDAS and the willingness of employees to do the hard job in order to enhance the productivity of the organisation. Furthermore, employees are the internal customer of ADIDAS. So, ADIDAS need to satisfies the employees before satisfies the external customer. External customers refer to the people that purchase the product produce by ADIDAS. When the internal customers of the organisation satisfies the treatment of the organisation the external customers also will satisfies the product of ADIDAS. The next part of this assignment will discuss the strategies that ADIDAS use. 2.1) Talent management Talent management refers to retain the employee in the ADIDAS. So, ADIDAS use this strategy to develop the old employees that have the opportunities to their career. By using this strategy ADIDAS able to hold the quality employees stay in the organisation and built up the loyalty of the employees. Besides that, talent management also include recruitment. Recruitment refers to the process of recruit and selecting the qualified new people that in order fit to the job 2.2) Employee-oriented leadership Employee-oriented leadership refers to the communication between the manager and the subordinates. By using this strategy ADIDAS able to know the employees need and want. This is because this strategy consists of employee feedback system. Employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feedback system refers to the satisfaction level of the employees to the job. The employees are the internal customers of the organisation, when the employees satisfy their job the productivity of the organisation will automatically increase. This is because the organisation given a good environment to the employees in order to satisfy the employees and the employees will do the hard job to the organisation to as the repay to the organisation. 2.3) Remuneration Remuneration means the salary of the employees get month by month. The salary related to market requirement and performance level. That means ADIDAS set the salary according with market requirement and performance level. The ADIDAS on time pay the salaries in order to give the good reputation of the organisation. When the organisation do not delay paid the salaries to the employees the employees will loyal to the organisation this is because the employees will feel the safety in the organisation to work. 2.4) Bonus In ADIDAS the remuneration consists of bonus. In ADIDAS the individual performance will related to the remuneration. Bonus means the company pay extra money to the employees to motivate the employees. The main purpose of given bonus is to motivate the employees. Motivation is psychological process giving behaviour purpose and direction (Kreitner,2009, p.369 ). By given the bonus the employees will put more effort and hardship to the job. 2.5) Long-term incentive programmes (LTIP) This is specialising for senior manager, this is three year plans based on the achievement of financial as well as compliance target. So the senior manager that achieves the long-term target of the company will get the bonus. The bonus was depended on the organisation whether the bonus is money or others benefit. 2.6) Performance management Performance management is a feedback for the management team. The management team will observe to the employees in order to take care the employees and if the employee does not do well in the jobs the management team will send the employee go to training. Furthermore, certain employee did well in their job will get promoted. So, in this strategy the employee able to learn and get the improvement by giving the benefit and training. Furthermore, ADIDAS always looking for the potential employees so, ADIDAS will observe the performance of each employees and give the opportunities to get promote. Besides that, ADIDAS also observe the people that innovative and creative. This is because ADIDAS need the peoples that contain the high imagination people to give the idea to produce the design of the product. So ADIDAS will observe about it and pick the people that have the potential skill switch to the creation and innovation team. ADIDAS found that the people who are having different backgrounds, perspectives and skills can make the best team in order to achieve the maximum creation of the design on the product. Before ADIDAS forming the potential employees into a team, ADIDAS will send the employees to training. This is because the team need contains the different imagination, perception and culture. This is because ADIDAS is a global organisation within the different perception can built up a multi-skill team. With t his the ADIDAS can manage many of the country culture and habit in order to product suitable product to the public. 2.7) Work-life balance Work-life balance is flexible working hour. Flexible time is a scheduling policy in which full-time employees may choose starting and ending times within guideline specified by the organisation ( Raymond A. Noe, Barry Gerhart, Patrick M. Wright, John R. Hollenbeck, 2009, p.106). Every employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s quality of life should be improved by working to the organisation. So ADIDAS have the responsibility to address flexible working hour. The main purpose of work-life balance is give harmonise of the private and family needs to the employees. So the organisation was think about the benefit of the employees. Furthermore, this strategy able to give the employees a comfortable working hour and with the harmonise family the employees will put more effort in the working hour. As an example the working hour is 8 hours per day. The employees can select their working hour in the day and the lump sum of the working hour 8 hours. If the employee starts working at 11:00AM so the employee leave the organisation in 19:00 PM. Recommendation ADIDAS was looking the professional as the members of the families. ADIDAS treat the employees as their familiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ members, care about the private sector of the employees. So, ADIDAS able to perform well in the market. ADIDAS doing these because ADIDAS was found that when the employees happy the productivity of the organisation will increase rapidly. As the comment to the ADIDAS, ADIDAS should recruit the people that from others competitor. Recruit the quality people from the competitors can decrease the productivity of the competitor and increase the productivity of own. Recruit the quality peoples from competitors is the good ways to find the potential employees if the organisation was lack of such potential employees. Furthermore, the organisation also need to prevent the self employees go the others organisation. For this, ADIDAS was did well this is because ADIDAS consist of flexible of working hour, talent management and performance management. These strategies might build up the loyalty of the employees in order to prevent the employees leave the organisation and work with competitors. Conclusions The strategies use by ADIDAS was aim to giving the benefit to the employees and always think of the employees so, the loyalty of the employees will build up automatically. After that, ADIDAS provides a lots of benefits to the employees by the way the employees will be motivated and the case of absenteeism is very low. When the employees interesting to work, the productivity of the organisation will automatically enhanced. When the productivity was increase the profit of the organisation also will increase so the organisation able to pay more to the employees. When the organisation pays more to the employees the employees will be motivated. Finally, ADIDAS is a very good organisation that works in ADIDAS, the benefits provides by the organisation was attractive to all the employees. So, the benefits not only giving to the employees but also give the public know that ADIDAS such organisation and work with ADIDAS is suck happy and satisfy. There were the ways and style ADIDAS manage the human resource. ADIDAS was known that when good manage in human resource the benefit to the organisation will increase automatically such as productivity. Lastly, ADIDAS is a nice organisation that consists of many benefit to the employees and hopefully ADIDAS can do better in future and the comment would help ADIDAS be a better organisation.

The Influence of the Protestant Religion on the American Revolution Ess

The origins, aims and course of the American Revolution were influenced by a number of factors. The causes of the American Revolution have been put down to economic, social and political factors, which have then continued to influence the course and finally the outcome of America's conflict with Britain. Economic factors concerning trade and slavery have been put down to being part of the cause of the American Revolution. Yet historians have often debated the influence that Protestantism had on the revolution. The majority of the population of the colonies were Puritan but there were various diverse angles of religion. The two largest churches were the Presbyterians and the Congregationalists, but the colonies were also made up of many other faiths such as Anglicans, Baptists or pacifist groups such as Quakers. Religion was a very important part of colonial life and the colonists were much more concerned with religious aspects than political controversy. Yet although religion played a major part of the colonists' lives, it actual affect on the American Revolution itself is debatable: "Religion was present in the revolution, considered in a restricted framework; it was thoroughly engaged by it and multi-faceted. It is difficult to make the case, however, that religious ingredients - even broadly defined- played a definitive or even markedly innovative role."[1] John F. Wilson acknowledges that religion did have an affect on the revolution but also argues that perhaps Protestantism had a lesser affect on the revolution as a whole than other factors such as economic aspects. Some historians have attributed the Great Awakening to be on... ...0. Edward Countryman, The American Revolution (Penguin Books Ltd) 1985. Jack P. Green and J. R. Pole, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, (Blackwell Publishers) 1991. J.C.D Clark, The Language of Liberty 1660-1832 (University of Cambridge) 1994. Alfred F. Young, The American Revolution: Explorations in the History of American Radicalism, (Northern Illinois University Press) 1976. Robert A. Gross, The Minutemen and their World, (Hill and Wang) 1976. Websites and Journals Jerald C. Brauer, Protestantism in America: A Narrative History (Chapter 4- "Religion and Revolution) http://www.religion-online.org/cgi-bin/relsearchd.dll/showchapter?chapter_id=1968 John F. Wilson, Religion and Revolution in American History, "Journal of Interdisciplinary History," Vol. 23, No. 3, Religion and History. (Winter, 1993), pp. 597-613.

Critical Analysis of Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Essay

What The World Has Done... In "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" the author, Joyce Carol Oates, essentially asserts that the nuances of one's personality are not generated from within, but rather shaped by external circumstances. This is an argument whose justification is abundantly clear in the inner conflict of Connie, the protagonist of the book. The source of that struggle is her unstable relationship with her family, which ultimately results in her identity conflict. As one who always been deprived of father-figure, she feels the need to acquire attention from boys in order to fill that void. The realism and characterization with which Oates makes this point in the story have garnered much praise. Connie is presented as the quintessential teenage girl. Like any other female adolescent, she is preoccupied with make up, boys and music. Great characterization is seen in Arnold Friend - described by Oates as one who appears at first glace as "a boy with shaggy, black hair, in a convertible jalopy painted gold"(427) - who employs manipulative conversational tactics to gain psychological control of Connie. Later, he even changes his apparel in order to draw Connie to himself, an act which makes him reminiscent of an enticing devil. Connie is a girl whose perception of the world has been shaped by her family and "culture," causing her life to be literally split into two. At home, she acts as if she were an Zabakolas 2 innocent child that is unconcerned with the dynamics of the opposite sex. But once she ventures into the "real world" she screams for male attention. In her domestic life, she has virtually nobody and nothing upon which to depend (a fact that she e... ..., shows what happens to the psyche of the individual who is shown no love in the larger environment or in the "safety" of her own home. Connie was influenced by many damaging sources that prohibit her from achieving a proper self-identity. As a result of being neglected by her father, denigrated by her mother, compared to her sister and her desire to be loved by her family and others, she developed an identity problem that ultimately led her to the devil. It is not until the very end, through her acquaintance with Arnold Friend, that she is able to achieve some sort of happiness. Even then, her happiness is a tragedy as the devil wheels her in. Works Cited Oates, Joyce Carol. "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" Literature and the Writing Process. Eds. E. MacMahan et al. 7th Edition. Upper Saddle River(NJ):Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.

Cell Organelles :: essays research papers

The studies of Robert Hooke 1665 into a plant material would allow the determination of a pore like regular structure surrounded by a wall of which he called ‘cells’ this in itself unbeknownst to him, was the discovery of the fundamental unit of all living things. In 1838 a botanist called Schleiden derived the theory ‘The basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms is the cell.’ Over 150 years later this can be regarded as one of the most familiar and important facts within the biological fields. Drawing of cork cells published by Robert Hooke 1665 The Cell itself and use of Cytology: The cell can be thought of as a bag in which the chemistry of life is allowed to occur, partially separated from the environment outside the cell, it exists within all living organisms as its basic structure. The study of cells is made possible through the use of ‘cytology’ the preparation of materials for examination through microscopes as an average animal cell exists on a scale of 10 microns roughly one hundredths of a millimetres. Originally light microscopy was used in this field but with the advancement of knowledge scientists were restricted to 200nm magnification, or 2 tenths of a micron. Realising the existence of cell organelles within the cell structure, allowing the function of the cell itself to occur; It was necessary to increase magnification by utilising an alternate source radiation (alternate to light).The result was the electron microscope, whereby the short wavelength and negative charge of electrons when supplied with energy allowed for greater focusing with electromagnetism. This method bends the path of the beam in the manner of a lens to light. Cell Organelles and the variation between Plant and Animal Cells: We have already determined the cell to be the foundation to all organisms, however the term cell is associative and categorises a wide variation. Every animal cell has a specified function whether it be the production of hair, mucus, or the process of other chemicals ( multiple reactions occur within a cell for other purposes i.e. creation of ATP, protein manufacture etc.) So from this we must examine the cell in more detail and determine what it is within the cell that creates it specialised function and separates it as an individual type. Plant cells vary from animal through the existence of certain organelles. Organelles are the substances that provide a cell with the ability to produce (a production line) and exist within the cells boundaries.

Participant roles and purposes Essay

In talking about social situations and participants, Goffman suggests that situations move forward in accomplishing Ð ° goal or purpose because the participants come to Ð ° â€Å"working consensus† about the nature of the situation: â€Å"Together the participants contribute to Ð ° single overall definition of the situation which involves not so much Ð ° real agreement as to what exists but rather Ð ° real agreement as to whose claims concerning what issues will be temporarily honored† (1959: 9-1o). The working consensus of most teacher-student meetings is realized through the expectations and obligations of the role of teacher and student. These roles have mirroring expectations (the actions others can insist we perform) and obligations (the actions we can insist others perform) (Goffman 1967: 126). For example, the obligations of the student role–to read, to take exams, to attend classes–are expectations of the teacher role. The expectations of the student role–to receive information, to be given fair exams, to be graded on the basis of merit–are the obligations of the professor role. Thus these roles become interdependent; the expectations and obligations are complementary and in service to each other. In their interviews, both the Professor and the Student focus on the expectations and obligations of their respective roles as teacher and student, They both articulated the role of the Student as checking on an assignment (getting information) and making sure the Student had Ð ° clear understanding of the Professor’s expectations (giving information). The Professor: â€Å"My view of the meeting was that І was there to answer [the Student’s] questions, not that І was there to tell him anything. І think that’s why І started the meeting by looking expectantly at him. † The Student explained his purpose: â€Å"My purpose was to make sure І understood the assignment correctly and was going in the right direction. The paper was supposed to be handed in during class, and І held it back because І wanted her to check it first. If she approved, then fine, І would hand it in. І knew the ASL would be hard to understand, so І wanted to ask if І should go ahead with the ASL story or follow the English interpretation. † When asked if they thought the meeting was successful, that expectations and obligations were met, both responded affirmatively. They explain in their own words. The Professor: â€Å"The meeting was successful. Nobody yelled at anybody. [The Student] came to get information and he got it. The laughter, І think the laughter is my signal that everything is going well. І felt [the Student] knew what he was supposed to do. † The Student: â€Å"She read my story and seemed satisfied with it. І knew she wanted me to improve it and bring it back with thirty copies. Yes, the meeting was successful. † Although the Professor comments on the interactional success, â€Å"nobody yelled at anybody† as well, both speakers are attentive to the primary purpose, and their ensuing obligations, of Ð ° teacher-student meeting. As the next chapter demonstrates, many of the Professor’s and the Student’s motivations for speaking or taking Ð ° turn center on their expectations or obligations of their social roles, their roles define their purpose for meeting and constitute how they will interact and how their meanings are represented in talk. The Interpreter’s role is to interpret. In general, the role of an interpreter is to make possible communication between people who do not speak the same language. The Interpreter defined his role, what he says it always is, as working to have effective communication, â€Å"for people to communicate. † However, when asked if he thought the meeting went well, he offered Ð ° perspective that was not centered on whether or not the participants had effective communication: â€Å"Yes, because І think [the Student’s] goals were achieved, in getting some ideas across and talking about some issues. That he understood where she was coming from and she understood where he was coming from† Although this response is vague and unfortunately not further clarified; there are some indications as to what the Interpreter is referring. When the Interpreter mentions â€Å"[the Student’s] goals were achieved,† it appears that the Interpreter assumes goals other than getting an assignment reviewed. He continues by adding â€Å"getting ideas across† and â€Å"talking about some issues,† but the only â€Å"issue† mentioned previously by the Interpreter is connected to people communicating. The Interpreter never mentioned checking the assignment or the Student getting information on how to analyze the narrative, nor did he mention the Professor’s obligations she might have for meeting with students. Because both primary participants are involved with the study of language and because the study of ASL as Ð ° natural language was still Ð ° relatively new idea, many conversations with linguists who study spoken languages come around to the topic of the differences between Ð ° signed language and Ð ° spoken language. At the time, the status of ASL as Ð ° language in the larger world community was not firmly established, nor was the status of Deaf persons as member’s of Ð ° linguistic and ethnic minority. That these â€Å"issues† particularly affect interpreters can be demonstrated by reading newsletters and journals published at the time in the interpreting field, as well as by attendance at meetings and conferences. These debates and discussions are often referred to with phrases such as â€Å"getting ideas across† and â€Å"talking about issues,† so І can suggest the possibility that the interpreter is referring to these potentially explosive arguments about the acceptance of American Sign Language as Ð ° natural language. Fortunately, this is not an issue with the Professor, as the Interpreter acknowledges: â€Å"She’s obviously educated [about Deaf people] in that she’s familiar with deafness and Deaf people because she explained the outgoing message on the answering machine, things that are very hearing culture and so І think that in some regards she took care of all that. † Although he acknowledges that the Professor is familiar with deafness and Deaf people, it is also his focus on her adaptations to the Student that remain primary in his reflection on the interpreted event. The answering machine was Ð ° few seconds of small talk before the more important discussion of the Student’s narrative and transcript. The Interpreter’s focus on â€Å"getting ideas across† and taking care of cultural differences reflects what is Ð ° central concern of interpreters in their role, the notions of equality and justice. It seems that the Interpreter feels that it is incumbent on him in his role to create an understanding and Ð ° balance between these speakers moreover, the Interpreter never commented on the discussion around the assignment for either participant. To see how far the Interpreter’s thinking was from the thinking of the primary participants, here is what the Professor said about the answering machine talk: â€Å"[І was] trying to be polite and make everyone comfortable, telling him about the answering machine and the knocking at the door and then І realized [there was] no reason to tell him. † The Interpreter has attributed the meaning of the talk to the Professor’s awareness of Deaf people when, in fact, she was focused on the nature of starting to talk and the often necessary small talk that is Ð ° prelude to official business. Because interpreters are primarily concerned with communication, of language and also of cultural nuances, much of an interpreter’s concern is for differences in language and culture. But speakers themselves are typically concerned with the central task of the meeting, carrying out their obligations and responsibilities necessary to accomplish their goals. We will see in the next chapter that an interpreter’s role is more than to â€Å"just translate† or â€Å"just interpret. † What the role is and how to manifest that role to others, while appearing neutral or impartial, is not an easy task. If an interpreter’s role expectations and obligations were as easily defined as the teacher or student role, then there would not be the problems, concerns, and issues that arise around the discussions about an interpreter’s role.

Patton- Fuller Community Hospital Networking Project

Week Three Individual Paper Patton- Fuller Community Hospital Networking Project CMGT 554/IT Infrastruct In week’s three individual dissection of Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Networking Department, I will discuss three topics that will help with a better understanding of the Hospital’s Networking Department. During the first topic, a complete analysis will be completed on the network systems in use. While covering the second topic, discussion on what standards may be missing from the Hospital’s current network.During last topic, I will identify the Hospital’s wireless technology in currently in use and how it may enhance the hospitals network. Patton-Fuller Community Hospital currently uses a Local Area Network (LAN) standard within the hospital with certain Departments using a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard. The Hospital’s top view IT network perspective has the Hospital divided into two sections, the Clinical Areas and the Adminis trative Function Areas. The entire Hospital‘s backbone (BN) network structure is a 1000 BaseT Ethernet cable.A 1000 BaseT Ethernet cable also known as IEEE 802. 3ab, is the standard for gigabit Ethernet using copper wiring (Wikipedia,  2010). However, in the second half of the Hospital’s network structure, the Clinical Areas, a 1000 BaseF Ethernet cable is the standard. A 1000 BaseF, also known as 1000Base-F, is a physical layer baseband specification for Ethernet communications over optical fibers (Wikipedia,  2010). The Departments that make up the Administrative Departments of the Hospital are The Hospital’s Executive Management, Human Resources, Operations, Facilities, Finance (Apollo, 2008).Each of the afore-mentioned Departments is connected via a 1000 Base T CAT 6 cable. Each of these departments has dedicated computers that are assigned per the individual’s title in the organization. For example, the Executive Mgmt. have Apple iMacs, 24†, 2. 4GHz, 2GB Ram, 500 MB HD, Wireless, 10/100/1000 Base T, OS Virtualization with MAC OS X Leopard & Windows XP work stations. The HR, OPNS, Finance Senior Manager Workstations are Apple iMac, 20†, 2 GHz, 350 MB HD, Wireless, 10/100/1000 Base T, OS Virtualization with MAC OS X Leopard / Windows XP OS.Personal within the Administrative Areas that are only responsible for data entry are given Thin Client Computer: HP model L1706. The Administrative Departments have two networked HP 4350 Black and White Laser Printers and one color HP 4200pht networked Laser Printer. The Administrative Department is then linked to the IT Data Center where in the IT Date Center; connections are established with servers and the internet. This circuit will be discussed later in this paper. The second half of the Hospitals network is the clinical Departments.The Clinical Departments that make up this circuit are: Radiology, Radiology Information Systems Data Center (RIS), Operating Room (OR), In tensive Clear Unit (ICU), and the Ward Floor Systems (Apollo, 2008). The Clinical Areas of the Hospital network standards is a 1000 Base F single mode fiber, Fiber Optic cable. Just as the Administrative Departments, in the Radiology Department, each Department has their own workstations. In the Radiology Department, there are seven different viewing stations, MRI, CT, X-Ray, Mammograms, PET, Nuclear Medicine, and Sonography.Each one of these station consist of a Apple Mac Pro, 2-3 GHz quad processors, 16GB RAM, 4 + 750 MD HD in RAID, Nividia FX 4500 Image Card, 2 Apple 30† Cinema Flat panel Displays, OsiriX Imaging Software, OS Virtualization with MAC OS X Leopard and windows XP Pro OS, and a APC 2 KVA back up power supply. Each Modality viewing station has its own DICOM (Digital to Film Printer), KODAK 6800 Dry Laser Printer. In addition to the Modality View Stations, the Emergency Room has one workstation with a portable X-Ray Machine.The Radiology Department also has Labor atories and a Pharmacy that are equipped with similar work stations; Apple iMac, 20† displays, 2. 4 GHz, 2 GB Ram, 500 MB HD, Fiber Card OS Virtualization w/ Mac OS X Leopard and Windows XP Pro OS. The Only differences between the two departments are the printers that they are equipped with. The Laboratories have one HP 4700pht color laser printer and the Pharmacy has two HP B&W 4350 Laser Printers. Given the magnitude of data that travels through the Radiology Department, e. g.X-Rays, CT Scans, etc†¦ the Department needs to equip its own Data Center. The RIS Data Center, short for Radiology Information Systems Data Center is the main host for the servers being used in the clinical areas of the Hospital. The RIS is equipped with an Apple Cluster Server running Mac OS Leopard Xserve w/ remote desktop. The Apple cluster has a 10 terabyte Disk Storage center. The standard being used in the RIS Data Center is the same as the rest of the Clinical areas, a 1000 Base F singl e mode fiber with each workstation equipped with a fiber card to use this standard.The RIS has Data Center workstations and two printers are attached via LAN. The OR, ICU, Ward Floor Room location, and the Nurses’ Station are also equipped with workstations that are connected via the same 1000 Base F standard. The only additional standard that the ICU and the Wards areas have is one Wireless Access Point (WAP) within each ICU and Ward. The Hospital main IT Data Center is where the 1000 Base F standard is connected to the rest of the Hospital network by a Network Gateway.The gateway is then connected to the Hospital’s BN 1000 base T CAT 6 standard. The IT Data Center is equipped with an IBM Series Z9EC Mainframe with a Linux OS, DB2 Database, 16 Processors, 32 GB Ram, and a AES Security System, â€Å"AES stands for Advance Encryption Standard,† BitZipper, 2010. The IT Data Center also has a Windows Exchange Server and an Internet Server that is connected to a Cis co Router Model 7609. The Hospital also has a Remote Access Server that uses a Cisco ASA 5510 VPN Router.Based on this week’s and prior week’s reading, The Hospital’s network architecture is missing what network topology is in use. From the IT network diagrams supplied by the organization, the Hospital seem to be a Bus network Topology, however; because there are no references to the topology, would only assume a Bus topology is in practice. According to Wikipedia, in local area networks where a bus topology is used, each machine is connected to a single cable, each computer or server is connected to a single bus cable through some kind of connector.In a Bus topology, a signal is travels from the source computer in both directions to all machines in the network until it finds the intended Mac address or IP address. The hospital is also missing rather the Hospital is connected to a, â€Å"Campus Network, Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), or a Wide Area Network (W AN),† Dennis and Fitzgerald, 2009. In addition, after reviewing the IT Diagrams, the Hospital fails to show architecture plans for a rooms in each floor of the hospital that contain the main distribution facility (MDF).The architecture plans for the MDF per floor or essential to direct and control the network traffic. However, even though the OR, ICU, and Ward Floor systems shows a 24 port FO hub per Ward or ICU, it doesn’t show how that is connected to the main server. The Hospital IT Team needs to architect plans that show each of the layers of the Hospital’s BN, e. g. Access Layer, Distribution Layer, and the Core Layer. Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technology is available throughout the entire Hospital. Each of the workstation in the Hospital has wireless capabilities.The only Wire Access Points (WAP) within the hospital is in the Ward Room and in the ICU Areas of the hospital. This technology is very useful for the hosp ital and it enhances the mobility of the Doctors and Nurses. The IT diagrams do not show the use of wireless tablets or netbooks but I would assume if the technology is present then those standards are in use. In addition, one does not know the age of the hospital’s architecture so by adding a WLAN standard, the Hospital is capable of adding additional workstation without the need of running extra LAN Ethernet cable that can be both costly and demanding of the IT Team.Both the IT Data Center and the RIS Data Center have Remote Access Servers (RAS); the IT Data Center is equipped with an IBM System x3250 RAS Server and the RIS Data Center’s Apple Cluster Server has a built in RAS. With both Data Center possessing WLAN RAS Servers, the Doctors and Nurses are capable in accessing both Data Center to have full access to the patient’s full records. This standard will ensure that the patient is treated accurately by the medical staff.In conclusion, the Patton-Fuller C ommunity Hospital’s network analysis shows that the hospital uses a Local Area Network with the use of both 1000 Base T and 1000 Base F standards. However, although the provided IT diagrams showed the basic architecture layout of the network, it did not show what type of network topology it is and nor does it provided a detailed architecture plan of the BN Architecture layers. Furthermore, the Hospital’s Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) was discussed to provide evidence on the ability that the WLAN has to enhance the Hospital network.References Jerry Fitzgerald, A. D. (2009). Business Data Communication And Networking  (10th ed. ). : John Wiley & Sons Inc. Apollo Group. (2008). Network Diagrams. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Healthcare/PFCH/IT/ITNetDTop. htm Apollo Group. (2008). Network Diagrams. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Healthcare/PFCH/IT/ITLogNet. htm Apollo Group. (2008). Network D iagrams. Retrieved from

Ledership

What is leadership? According to Shockley- Zalabak (2009) Leadership is a process of guiding individuals, groups, and entire organization in establishing goals and sustaining action to support goals. What exactly is meant by leadership? There are literally hundreds of definitions about who a leader is and what is considered as leadership. Each definition may vary from one individual to another and may change from one situation to the other. For example we might call an individual a leader because of the persons’ election to the presidency of an institution.Other times we say he/she is not a leader because he/she does not exhibit leadership behaviors expected of the of a leader. In other words, we expected leadership from the legitimate position of the presidency, but when that president does not exhibit leadership behaviors, we say that the president is not a leader. According to Yukl, (2002). The definition of leadership is arbitrary and very subjective. Some definitions are more useful than others, but there is no â€Å"correct† definition. Leadership theories: Theories are most useful for influencing practice when they suggest new ways in which events and situations can be perceived.Fresh insight may be provided by focusing attention on possible interrelationship that the practice has failed to notice, which can be further explored and tested through empirical research. If the result is a better understanding of practice, the theory –practice gap is significantly reduced for those concerned. (Hughes and Bush, 1991, p. 234). The trait theory This theory first surfaced in the writings of early Greeks and Romans and is prevalent today among those who believe that leadership cannot be developed.This theory assumed that leaders has innate traits that made them effective, great leaders were considered to be born with the ability for leadership, so it is either you have leadership qualities or you don’t . According to Shockley – z alabak (2009) theory of leadership, that leaders possessed innate traits that made them effective; is commonly referred to as the â€Å"great man† theory Leadership traits theory is the idea that people are born with certain character trait or qualities and since traits are associated with proficient leadership, it assumes that if you could identify eople with the correct traits, you will be able to identify leaders and people with leadership potential. It is considered that we are born naturally with traits as part of our personality; this theory in summary believes that leaders are born not made Criticism Researches were done to define traits or personality characteristic that best predict the effective leader. List of about eighty traits or characteristic were gotten but trait approach failed to define clearly a stable set of characteristic associated with effective leadership.Even the concept of what is effective remains open to question. This theory does not prove a comp rehensive explanation to how leaders interact with followers and meet the needs of specific circumstances. While truly others can be born leaders, it is incorrect to generalize by saying that leadership traits are in born and unchangeable. It’s true many of our dispositions and tendencies are influenced by our personalities and the way we are born. However, most people recognized that it is possible for someone to change their character trait for the worse.Someone known for being honest can learn to be deceitful, the whole idea of saying someone was â€Å"corrupted† is based on the fact that people can learn bad traits. If people can learn character traits and become different from the way they were born naturally traits can be learnt as well. A person who is prone to being dishonest can learn to be honest. A person who avoids risks can learn to take risk. It may not be easy, but it can be done. STYLE APPROACHES Leadership style approach focuses its attention on the le aders’ behavior. Leadership style is the combination of traits, skills, and behaviors leaders use as they interact with followers: (Lussier, 2004) Though leadership style is based on leadership skills and leadership traits, leadership behaviors is the important component. This is said to be the third approach to leadership studies, a consistent pattern of behavior is what characterizes a leader. â€Å"In shifting the study of leadership to leaders’ style or behaviors, the style approach expanded the study of leadership to various contexts† (North house, 2004).According to Shockley- Zalabak (2009) style approach or theories attempt to identify and arrange the general approaches leaders use to achieve goals. These approaches are thought to be based or a leader’s assumption about what motivates people to accomplish goals. This theory attempts to identify a range of general approaches leaders use to influence goal achievement. These approaches are theorized t o be based on the leader’s assumption about what motivates people to accomplish goals.Particular approaches also reflect complex relationships among the personal characteristics of the leader. Top among the style theories is the autocratic-to-democratic continuum first proposed by Ralph while and Ronald Lippitt (1960). Autocratic style of leader is a leader who makes decisions with little influence from others Shockley- Zalabak (2009). The leader that exhibits this behavior makes the decisions, gives orders to employees, and is constantly supervising his subordinate. This leader tells others what to do and usually enforces sanctions against those who chose not to comply. He views his followers as essential for goal achievement but usually feels little responsibility for employee needs and relationship Shockley- zalabak (2009). Criticism Research suggests that autocratically led groups produce more in quantity than democratically led groups, but that the quality output is bett er when more democracy is practiced. Generally with autocratic styles the led are not happy so they just do as they are told not because they have the interest of the institution at heart or because they enjoy working.Democratic- Shockley-Zalabak (2009) states that this style of leaders is the one that involves followers in decision making. The leader that exhibits this behavior promotes shared decision, team work, and does not supervise his subordinates closely. He assumes followers are able to participate in decision making, they try to create a climate in which problem solving can take place while preserving interpersonal relationships. It is clear that these leadership styles are opposite’s end of a continuum.As such, it’s easy to think that a leader’s leadership style s follows between those ends. Criticism When a leader is democratic at times his other colleagues in leadership positions can look at him as a weakling and also the subordinates might take adv antage and wants to be disrespectful. Laissez-faire style- Here the leader behaves as non-leader. Individuals and groups are expected to make their own decisions because of a hand-off approach from the leader. The laissez-faire leader is an example of non-leader. This leader expects groups and individuals to make their own decision.He gives information only when ask by group members. Criticism The success of the group depends greatly on the abilities of the group and groups members willingness to work with little or no leadership. If the groups members consist of people that need a push to do things they won’t be able to achieve much. Impoverished management- According to Shockley- Zalabak (2009) this style is characterized by low concern for interpersonal relationships and task accomplishment. This leader makes few attempts to influence people towards task or goals.He dislikes leadership responsibilities and lets others take the responsibility that rightfully belongs to the leader. This leader is usually uncomfortable with leadership and intellectually resists the need for it. Criticism These leaders may be primarily responsible for the failure of the group. Middle- of- the- road management- This is a style of leader who balances task and peoples’ concerns; commonly referred to as compromised leadership or management. The leader negotiates and compromises to achieve workable agreements and directions for action Country club management-This is a style of leaders who emphasizes interpersonal relationship at the expense of goal achievement the leader here wants to be liked and have group followers who feel supported by the leader. He provides an interpersonal relationship bond that is low on task emphasis and high in interpersonal support Criticism He may want a task accomplished but will not take steps to emphasize this element to others, if members are not highly task oriented; he ends up doing their work. Rather than insisting that the employees exhibit high standards of performance. These leaders may not develop the abilities of the people under them.Team leadership: This is the theoretical ideal: team leaders exhibit high concern for both task and interpersonal relationships by emphasizing goal accomplishment while supporting people, it fosters a sense of â€Å"we† with high performance standards. This leadership share decision making and strives for problem solving designed to solve rather than postpone problem, it respects different point of view and value diversity as long as it contributes to the group effort. Criticism Team members who support one another but do not have enough ability or information to work on problems will not be able to produce a high-quality decision.

Jeanne Wilson Essay

Jeanne Wilson was employed as a nurse at the Mary McClellan hospital in the late 1970s. While employed there she heard tale of â€Å"The Pink Lady† who roamed the halls of the maternity ward and seemed drawn to a certain room, with a particular patient. â€Å"Well, when I was working at the Mary McClellan Hospital in Cambridge (that’s just across the river from here) I had the night watch of the maternity ward. The other nurses used to tell me to watch myself up there because of this pink lady. I most certainly believe in ghosts although I have never seen any myself you understand. I was never really afraid, I just figured she’d be peaceful and never bother any of us doing the good work up on the floor. Sometimes at night you would hear the swoosh, swoosh of someone’s bathrobe rubbing on their legs or the scuffle sound of slippers on the floor. There would never be anyone there, but you’d hear it just the same. This one time we had a lady come in who was dying. She was an older woman and the nurses really loved her. Well, she asked to die on the maternity ward so all of the nurses felt this was ok. We brought her up and got her settled. It was a very small hospital you know. Anyway, I was checking in patients late at night and as I was walking past her room, I noticed the door was shut. I looking in through the little window on those doors and there was the pink lady! She had pink curlers in her hair, a pink robe on, and pink slip-on kind of slippers on her feet! Well, I almost died myself right there. I couldn’t believe my eyes. When I caught my breath, I peeked back in the door to see her just standing over the old woman just watching her sleep. I creaked open the door and sure enough she disappeared. They said the pink lady only walked the maternity ward because she had lost all of her children in those rooms. When she died of cancer later on, she had asked to be in the maternity ward to die like her children! Well, I never expected her to visit this woman. Of course, when I think of it now, it makes perfect sense! They don’t deliver babies in the hospital anymore – actually its not even a hospital now. But, that’s the pink lady and I’m telling you – she’s real. † Ms. Wilson states this story as a full-fledged memory from her past. While employed at the hospital she points out others telling her this singular truth, and denied knowledge of any other tales of this nature in the ward. The story comes from a region other than place interviewed, not allowing for cross-reference with other individuals. Hospital stories of this nature are found throughout history, with a higher concentration surrounding Civil War hospitals. The time-frame for the inception of the tale can best be ascertained as the 1950s era due to the physical description of the pink lady. One can assume the story originated at that time. The telling was very excited with strong body language used throughout. Exaggerated facial expressions and multiple hand manipulations of air demonstrated actual behavior during the encounter. The skills of her trade do not enter the story, nor are they necessary other than putting Ms. Wilson in the hospital after hours. Ms. Wilson was interviewed with her elderly mother present. This parent did not obviously believe the tale, nor did she appreciate the telling of it. This did not hinder the younger Wilson woman; in fact, she seemed eager for acceptance of the tale. The recording of her story may well have promoted a more fascinating telling of the story with added bits of detail. The education level of Ms. Wilson was undetermined. Apparently, she is not a qualified nurse, having never gone to school to keep up with the educational demands of the field. She currently works in a rest home. The idea of her having been a nurse at the time appeared to have given the tale more validity in her mind as she felt it was a scientific study of sorts. She was reminded of the nature of the recording. References Wilson, J. (personal communication, October 14, 2006)

Slavery History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery History - Research Paper Example One of the major similarities among the lives of the two women was that both emerged successfully from dark shadows of slavery and managed to attain and play leadership roles. Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman had deep faith in god’s power to prevent them from going astray and to protect them from danger. Moreover, both women realized the importance and influence of music and considered it an effective means of communication. Both women were well known for the fact that they strongly believed in their premonitions and acted upon them with sheer determination. Extensive biographies have been written on both Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman and they have also been commemorated by the United States Postal service with their individual stamps. Despite similarities, both women were very different with different areas of expertise. Harriet Tubman devoted her life for the escape of slaves by creating safe passages and for this reason she is famously known as ‘Black Moses of the Underground Railroad’. Sojourner Truth was not an active participant in Underground Railroad but reported to be supportive and sympathetic towards it. Sojourner Truth was a civil rights activist who dedicated her life to end slavery, stop women from alcohol consumption (Engerman et al 2001; Igus 1991). Harriet Tubman: Harriet Tubman launched her Civil War years before Fort Sumter’s firing incident took place in the year 1861. Harriet Tubman sustained a head injury at the age of fifteen when she deliberately prevented an overseer from catching an uncooperative slave. She never fully recovered from the injury and suffered from periodic sleeping fits during her entire life. Some historians believe that Tubman started showing defiant behavior as a slave from a very early age. However, her strategic and political consciousness developed during the time she started to fight to claim liberty for her friends and relatives. Due to her strong leadership skills, Harriet Tubma n was able to accomplish successful escape missions from the Eastern Shore. Harriet Tubman was always known to forge close community relationships and establish highly effective support system, which was the reason why she earned the title of ‘Moses of her people’. Massachusetts Governor John Andrew recognized Harriet’s passion and sheer determination to fight for freedom. Therefore John Andrew directed Tubman to travel to South Carolina and support Union war efforts in January 1862. Tubman directly participated in armed conflict and during the process she managed to forge close contacts with many important army officials. Due to her heroic tails of Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman was highly respected by many soldiers and was regarded as ‘Moses’ among the camp people. Harriet Tubman had close relationships with many prominent white people such as Thomas Wentworth Higginson which served a major reason for her being elected a leader of the freedman. In P ort Royal, Harriet supported the Union activities and in 1862 she joined Northern abolitionists. In Port Royal, Tubman served as a nurse and provided palliative care to soldiers suffering from cholera, dysentery and small pox. Tubman recognized the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 as an important step towards granting liberty from slavery to all Black people.

Structure and Transition of Paragraphs and Sentence Construction Essay

Structure and Transition of Paragraphs and Sentence Construction - Essay Example Paragraphs could be made a little more cohesive and interwoven, at times your paragraph comprises of just a quote that can be avoided. Do try to add your own reflection/judgment on the quotes, which are great if aptly used. Your paragraph transitions are pretty ok but you need to put in your judgment for every episode so that your thesis will appear cohesive and well stretched out rather than expanded just for the heck of it. Probably you must have read/discussed some other works in class on similar lines do remember to draw comparisons as that will display a far greater understanding on your part. Your conclusion seems to be pretty much the same as you had started with, so probably your conclusion should contain a sort of wrap up of the thesis. You may stress the fact that men were absolutely vulnerable and did not learn from past mistakes. Bring out the weakness in their characters, you can show the strength of a woman’s character here, you may refer to Plutarch. Your senten ce structure is fine, you have basically used simple sentences which convey the meaning clearly you need to be a little careful with your vocabulary though for E.G. â€Å"ejected† is used more thrusting something out in this case â€Å"expelled† is more appropriate. You need to be a little careful with your grammar, I think more with the use of prepositions. While writing a thesis in Literature you actually need to include a lot of your own judgment rather than just incidents from the book. This will help you in expanding your answer to the desired level.

Strategic Development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Development - Case Study Example The techniques which support strategic development and have been selected to be focused on in this paper are the balanced score card technique and that of SWOT analysis and TOWS matrix. The balanced score card approach is a performance management tool which measures the small scale operation activities of an organization and aligns the objectives to the vision and the min strategy of the organization. "Balance score card is a tool designed to give companies the right information to effectively manage the tactics that support their business strategy. It is divided into four areas, the financial, customer, learning and growth perspectives, and internal business process." (Pangarkar, & Kirkwood, 2007) Through the methodology of the balanced score card the perspectives of the business or the organization are divided into four different perspectives which have been highlighted as the financial,, the customer, the internal process and the innovation and learning perspectives. Each perspective is then assigned various key point indicators which can be used to measure the performance. These can include cash flow, ROI, financial result, return on capital, and return on equity for the financial perspective, delivery [performance to customer, quality performance to customer satisfaction rate, customer loyalty and customer retention for the customer perspective. The internal business process perspective can include KPI's like number of activities, opportunity success rate, accident ratios and overall equipment effectiveness, while the KPI's for the learning and growth perspective include the investment rate, the illness rate, the internal promotions, the employee turnover, and any gender racial ratios. Case Summary The case that has been selected is that of Neilson Manufacturing Incorporated. The company has employed the balanced score card approach for determining the strategy for improving the performance of the suppliers for the lean manufacturing organization. The case puts forward the mechanism employed, and the score card methodology used to improve the performance of its suppliers. The specific steps that are taken by the company to improve the supplier performance pertain to designing and implementing a score card based supplier performance model for the metal fabrication manufacturer. The score card is developed as a three part score card at the site of the case study. The case also provides the challenges that are present for the designing and the implementation of the strategy for development and improvement of supplier performance. Neilson manufacturing incorporated is a medium sized metal fabricator operating from Salem in "NMI is ISO 9001:2000 certified and offers high flexibility fabrication services including laser cutting, punching, forming, welding, printing, and silk-screening. The company's primary focus is in the electronics industry. Products produced by NMI include mainframe server cabinets; high end test cabinets for wafer, chip, and circuit board test equipment; enclosures for clean room applications and telecommunications

Property law case of study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Property law case of study - Assignment Example It must be understood however that the ownership over the property or object is not conveyed to the tenant but merely the right of possession which is separate and distinct from ownership. The leasehold contract whether a written or oral agreement, gives rise to demandable rights such as but not limited to delivery of the property or object in good tenantable condition for the purpose it is intended, quiet (Jenkins v. Jackson) and peaceful possession and abatement of any disturbance or intrusion to the enjoyment (Kenny v. Preen) of the property or object and payment and review of rental. Thus, any material violation shall be construed as a breach of contract which ripens to a right to rescind the contract, demand specific performance or restitution by way of damages. In this jurisdiction, lease contracts may be written or oral agreements however it is more legally feasible and expedient to reduce the terms and conditions into writing as it is difficult to prove and substantiate oral agreements. This is appropriate for contracts affecting land, residential or commercial tenancy. It cannot be denied that some of the most contentious issues concerning tenancy relations are payment delays or worse, non-payment, negotiation whether to reduce or increase rental fees pursuant to an acceleration or deceleration clause, extent of repairs or maintenance liability, discriminatory conduct committed by the landlord, fixing of the period and renewal of lease. As a result thereof, it is imperative that the responsibilities and other stipulations binding to the landlord and tenant are specified and delineated in a contract to safeguard their respective rights and avoid any protracted or tedious litigation. Disputes shall nonetheless be resolved and dispensed with by the courts in accordance with the facts and evidence adduced as the arbiter on how the law should be interpreted and applied. II. Factual Antecedents Before any suit is lodged in the courts, it may be prudent for t he parties to discuss and resolve the matter amicably. It may be gleaned that it is in this context that Tomes Limited, a bookshop entity, has sought opinion whether its position against the claims of the landlord is justifiable and equitable. According to the landlord, Tomes is liable to repair and reinforce the structural damage to the joist caused by the weight of the books stacked on the bookshelves and to submit to a rent review. Tomes strongly disagrees and in support of its opposition asserts that the reinforcement work is not cosmetic in nature thus not within the purview of the repairing covenant. The structural engineer commissioned by the landlord even affirmed that the joists may not have been permanently damaged and for this, Tomes insists that any repair or reinforcement must be done for the sole account of the landlord. On the other hand, the rent review is no longer possible as the period has elapsed which should have been exercised on the fifth, tenth and fifteenth years of the twenty-five year contract which commenced on 1 April 1997. It is likewise stipulated that the break clause may be carried out by the tenant only on the sixteenth year by giving notice on the first six months of the fifteenth year of the term. Tomes likewise invoked the Landlord and Tenancy Act of 1954 to govern its leasehold

BAE And EADS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

BAE And EADS - Essay Example On the flip side, the deal would lead to political among other complexities. This report will give an analysis of the issues surrounding the proposal for merger of the two companies. Strategy and motivation analysis Invesco criticized the proposed deal citing poor terms, state interference and lack of strategic underlying principle. The problems that BAE has raised includes the share buyback programme , possible deviation from its generous dividend payout as well as the doubts imposed by inviting Germany and French stakeholders in the deal. The sharp cut in the defense spending by the U.S. is a big blow for EADS and BAE, but BAE is likely to suffer most because it is deeply exposed to the U.S. defense market. Furthermore, BAE is experiencing a serious reduction in the demand for the equipment it supplies for the US military, which are currently preparing to pull out from Afghanistan. Additionally, the firm is likely to suffer a big blow following the down-turn of the demand for the E urofighter Typhoon fighter jet (Ranscombe, 2012). Figure 1: EADS DPS trend since 2007. As shown from figure 1 above, recently EADS has paid exceedingly high rate of dividends, which could be seen as a major motivation for BAE shareholders to enter the proposed merger (Le Figaro 2001). Stock market response analyses based on share movement and synergy multiples During the trading following the announcement on 12 September, the shares of BAE jumped by 10% to 336.1 pence ($5.41), as shown in figure 3 below. However, the shares of EADS plummeted by more than 10% following the announcement (shown in figure 2). Later, on 13 September, the shares of BAE fell back to just 2% above the level before the rumors emerged that the two companies were planning to merge (Norton-Taylor, 2012). Figure2: EADS share movement shortly before and shortly after the announcement Source: Thomson Reuters via FT Markets Data Figure 3: EADS share movement shortly before and shortly after the announcement Source: http://markets.ft.com When the reports hit news lines that there was a potential merger between the two companies, initially, the investors burst into a euphoria that affected the movement of the prices of the shares of the two companies. However, after uncertainty took shape, BAE’s shares drafted following a strong post-announcement rally, while the shares at EADS were moving lower (Petroff, 2012). On 12th September following the announcement, the shares of BAE were trading 1 percent lower at 338.90 pence, which was in line the decline in the wider market. As seen from figure 2 and 3 above, the investors’ reaction was swift, especially on Thursday when the shares of EADS fell by about 10 percent to â‚ ¬25.15, while those for BAE gained significantly on Wednesday following the news that the deal is simmering, going up to 337.10 pence in London. Synergy analysis The investors will have to ask themselves several questions in order to establish whether the merger is a good idea, including: (1) why is such a huge merger is the best means of solving the problems the individual companies are facing and also open opportunities for them? (2) Is BAE, which is a top US military contractor, the best company to help EAP achieve